Conjunctivitis is a very common eye disease, especially in children, characterized by inflammation of the conjunctival mucosa. Conjunctivitis can be caused by common microorganisms or by microorganisms that specifically infect the conjunctiva. Factors such as smoke, dust, conjunctival foreign bodies, and toxic gases are considered significant predisposing factors for conjunctivitis.
Conjunctivitis can be classified clinically into: catarrhal (inflamed conjunctiva), purulent (besides inflammation, there is also a purulent, yellowish-white discharge), pseudomembranous (fibrinous secretion with false membranes), nodular, and eruptive. Patients with conjunctivitis experience burning, sensation of ocular burning, sensation of "sand in the eyes," itching, and stabbing pain. When a patient presents such symptoms, they should see an ophthalmologist who, upon clinical examination of the eyes, observes varying degrees of conjunctival congestion (inflammation with redness), respecting the area around the cornea. In addition, there may be conjunctival discharge, which can vary in appearance depending on the type of microorganism causing the disease and its severity.
Conjunctival discharge can be mucous, mucopurulent, purulent, or fibrinous with false membranes, and based on its appearance and characteristics, the doctor may recommend further tests to accurately determine the cause of the disease, namely the microbe(s) involved, in order to apply appropriate treatment.
Cataract is a condition characterized by the opacification of a part of the eye called the lens. The lens is a natural biconvex lens that plays a role in focusing and projecting images onto the retina. With advancing age, the lens "ages" as well, becoming opaque, so that most people over the age of 60 have some degree of lens opacification. There are several causes of cataracts. Senile cataract is by far the most common type of cataract.
Cataract can be present from birth and is called congenital cataract. It is most often due to an infection that the child contracted during intrauterine life, transmitted from the mother. Maternal infection during pregnancy with the rubella virus or cytomegalovirus leads to the development of congenital cataracts. Cases of congenital cataracts have been reported in newborns within the same family. Some ocular traumas lead to the development of post-traumatic cataracts over time.
Cataract may also occur during chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes), after prolonged exposure to radiation (including solar radiation), after electrical shocks, burns... Prolonged and uncontrolled medication, especially corticosteroid therapy (administration of prednisone, dexamethasone, etc.), leads to the development of cataracts. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption increase the risk of cataract development. Patients with cataracts complain of blurred vision (especially in bright light), unclear vision when reading (the patient cannot distinguish letters), light sensitivity, and difficulty adapting. Visual disturbances progress gradually over months or years, without eye pain or congestion (redness) around the eyes. The degree of vision loss depends on the type and density of the cataract.
Blepharitis is a problem faced by a large number of people, but only a small percentage treat it. It is an infection of the eyelid margin (a transition area between the skin and mucosa). The condition has a chronic course and is marked by relapses. The causes leading to blepharitis have been classified as predisposing (digestive disorders - constipation, vitamin deficiencies, infectious diseases, endocrine disorders (puberty, premenstrual syndrome, menopause), triggering factors (bacterial allergies to cosmetics, upper respiratory tract infections), and local factors (smoke, dust, parasites, heat, cold, radiation, medications, cosmetics).
Blepharitis is frustrating primarily because it is quite difficult to differentiate from other eye-related conditions, secondly because it is a long-lasting condition, and treatments take effect after a long period of administration. It frequently recurs, and if you suffer from allergies or styes, you are at increased risk of blepharitis.
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