Wounds (skin lesions) are defined by medical specialists as a loss of continuity of the skin, mucous membranes, and tissues, resulting from the action of traumatic agents, which can be physical, chemical, or mechanical. In the medical field, depending on their "depth," wounds are classified into two categories. Superficial wounds affect only the skin and subcutaneous tissue, while deep wounds exceed these "barriers."
Deep wounds can be penetrating or non-penetrating. In the case of the first category, the injury extends beyond the membranes that envelop the abdominal and thoracic organs and cavities, spreading into the body and may or may not affect internal organs. In the case of non-penetrating wounds, the injury does not go beyond the protective membranes of the cavities and organs.
Also, depending on how they occurred, wounds can be puncture wounds, cuts, gunshot wounds, crush injuries, bites, etc. Besides the physiological and anatomical changes they can cause, wounds are particularly dangerous because they are true "gateways" for microbes. That is why the main measures to help in the case of such an injury should focus on cleaning and disinfecting the affected tissues as quickly as possible.
Therefore, the first indicated measure is to expose the wound by removing the clothing or footwear covering it. If the injury occurred in a hairy area, removing the hair as much as possible is recommended. Before starting to clean the wound, the rescuer should disinfect their hands by washing with soap and water and, optionally, rinsing with alcohol. Disinfecting the wound can be done with a gauze pad or by pouring disinfecting substances directly onto the wound, such as hydrogen peroxide, rivanol, iodine, or betadine. To eliminate the risk of infection, the wound should then be dressed using sterile dressings and bandages, which should be included in every first aid kit.
A series of hastily taken measures can worsen the injuries. Therefore, specialists do not recommend using strong and irritating disinfectants for disinfection. Medical alcohol or tincture of iodine, applied directly to the wound, can cause tissue necrosis. Another not recommended measure is cleaning and dressing with cotton pads. In this case, there is a risk that fibers will remain in the wound and lead to infection. Rescuers should also avoid extracting deeply embedded foreign bodies from the wound, as this may cause significant bleeding. If necessary, the wound can be cleaned of small foreign bodies on its surface, such as gravel or sand.
The wound healing process follows a "biological clock" that cannot be altered, so the healing time of wounds varies from person to person.
A boil is an infection located in one or more hair follicles. Most often, it is caused by a staphylococcal infection.
Furunculosis is the condition in which multiple boils appear anywhere on the body. Signs and symptoms associated with the appearance of a boil are: swollen, tender nodules on the skin, usually red or pink, which may drain pus, a swollen, reddish, and painful area on the skin, fever, and exhaustion.
The boil may disappear after the initial stages of itching or mild pain. However, boils often grow rapidly, within a few days. As pus collects inside the lesion, pressure and pain increase. A head with a white or yellow center will form, then it will rupture, drain, and heal. Boils can appear anywhere on the body but are more common on the face, neck, armpits, buttocks, or thighs. Factors predisposing to boils include poor health, tight or frictional clothing, as well as conditions such as acne, dermatitis, diabetes, anemia.
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