Alopecia is a more or less massive hair loss, localized in restricted regions (localized alopecia) or spread over the entire scalp (baldness) or even all the hairy parts of the body (generalized alopecia).
The reasons for hair loss are very numerous, some known and removable, others still unknown. Most often, especially in men, alopecia is accompanied by a state of seborrhea, which consists of excessive fat formation on the scalp. The hair shaft, literally suffocated, can no longer regenerate normally, falls out, and is not replaced by another normal hair.
Seborrheic alopecia begins at the corners of the forehead and the top of the head and, if untreated, leads to increasingly significant hair thinning until complete baldness sets in.
Diffuse alopecia can also occur following an infectious disease where the temperature has risen above 39°C, after certain shocking states (operations, strong emotions, childbirth), following treatments aimed at hair removal, in certain states accompanied by significant weakening of the body (leukemia, cancers, diabetes), in certain diseases specific to the hair shaft like monilethrix (unequal thickness of hair, breaking easily), trichoclasis (high hair shaft fragility), or after mistakes in hair care, such as washing too often, especially with alkaline soaps, or repeated dyeing.
Unlike the diffuse alopecia described above, hair loss can also occur in more restricted areas, such as in alopecia areata, scalp mycoses, deep folliculitis, in the case of localized lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, lichen planus on the scalp.
Hair loss can be permanent, resulting in scarring alopecia, such as after deep folliculitis, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, in the case of an overdose of X-rays, in advanced or reversible seborrheic alopecia, where the hair root is not destroyed, as after febrile illnesses, alopecia areata, mycoses (except favus), early seborrheic alopecia.
Dandruff (Pityriasis) is one of the most common scalp conditions, affecting both men and women of all ages. Dandruff is a sign of a scalp mycosis and is not contagious. Men are more exposed than women to the risk of developing dandruff because men naturally produce more sebum.
The exact cause of this condition is uncertain, but it can result from trauma, stress, hormonal changes, ingestion of carbohydrates, infections, or a deficiency of vitamin B or essential fatty acids. There are two types of dandruff:
* Dry dandruff: occurs due to accelerated regeneration of scalp cells and is visible on the shoulders as unsightly white flakes. We can talk about dry dandruff when it is very fine and detaches easily.
* Oily dandruff: is explained by excess sebum in the hair. This type of dandruff appears on oily hair and is easily recognizable, being yellow and sticking to the scalp. Oily dandruff is not necessarily noticeable, but it causes itching and irritation of the scalp.
The main cause of dandruff is the excessive use of shampoos with detergent action, which not only favor hair greasiness but also irritate the scalp. Furthermore, people with dry skin are the most exposed to this kind of problem. In some cases, the appearance of dandruff is due to a skin disease, such as seborrheic dermatitis, eczema, or psoriasis. Dandruff shedding is common during stressful moments, especially in men.
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